Europa Posted on 2026-05-21 10:20:00

Real income growth in Europe - Larger economies lag behind, while Poland and Portugal lead

From Dorian Koça

Real income growth in Europe - Larger economies lag behind, while Poland and

Countries and institutions track many indicators to measure economic growth, with Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth among the most closely watched. However, GDP growth does not reflect what people are actually taking home in real income, even when adjusted for inflation.

Real household income per capita measures the change in income that households have available to spend or save, providing a more accurate reading of living standards.

Among the 16 European countries, 14 of them recorded an increase in real household income per capita last year compared to 2024, while only two of them recorded a decrease. Poland led the way with the highest real growth of 4.1%. The country also recorded the highest growth in both 2024 and 2025, showing a strong increase in real household income over the two years.

The OECD points out that "the increase in employee compensation offsets the decrease in social benefits, resulting in an acceleration in the growth of real household income per capita" in Poland.

The Netherlands and Portugal also recorded increases of at least 2%. Denmark, Greece and Spain recorded increases between 1.5% and 2%. Belgium, Hungary and Sweden each recorded increases of over 1% in real household income per capita.

Italy matched the OECD average with a growth of 0.8% in 2025. The country recorded a large contraction in real household income per capita, falling by 0.9% in the fourth quarter of 2025. This was mainly due to rising inflation and a decline in property income, according to the OECD.

Finland and Austria were the only two countries where real annual household income per capita fell in 2025, recording declines of 0.7% and 1.8%, respectively.

For 2025 as a whole, growth in real household income per capita across the OECD slowed to 0.8%, from 2.1% in 2024. The same trend remained broadly the same across all European countries.

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