Syria, dependent on Russian oil - Shipments have increased by 75%, to about 60,000 barrels per day this year
Russia has emerged as Syria's main oil supplier, despite the new government's ties to the West and distrust of Moscow for its military support for ousted leader Bashar al-Assad. Oil shipments from Russia have increased by 75% to about 60,000 barrels per day this year. The volumes represent a tiny fraction of Russia's daily global oil exports.
But for Syria, where domestic production remains far below demand, the flows make Moscow the country's dominant supplier of crude oil after Assad's fall in December 2024.
The dynamics highlight how limited Syria's options remain. Despite emerging from the war with Western backing, its economy is not closely integrated into the global financial system, even after Europe and Washington last year ended decades of sanctions.
The relationship with Russia risks straining ties with the EU and Washington. An official at the Syrian State Oil Company (SPC) said Damascus was trying to diversify suppliers and had, so far without success, sought an oil deal with Turkey, which is close to the Sharaa government.
Maritime analysis firm SynMax said financial constraints, trade risks and years of conflict limit Syria's access to conventional tanker operators, leaving Russian-linked networks among the most viable options.
Despite the government regaining control of oil fields in eastern Syria, domestic production remains limited. The country's largest field, al-Omar in Deir Ezzor, produces about 5,000 barrels per day, while total domestic production was estimated at approximately 35,000 barrels per day in 2025, well below pre-war levels of 350,000 barrels per day.
Syria's daily needs for oil and fuel are estimated to be between 120,000 and 150,000 barrels, according to the Syrian Oil Company and energy ministry officials, while additional volumes - estimated by officials at about 50,000 barrels a day - are smuggled in from neighboring Lebanon, which imports oil from a variety of sources, including Turkey, Saudi Arabia and Russia. The gap of about a third of domestic demand is covered by Russian shipments.
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